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THE_GAMB.TXT
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1994-11-29
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The Gambia
Geography
Location:
Western Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean almost completely
surrounded by Senegal
Map references:
Africa, Standard Time Zones of the World
Area:
total area:
11,300 sq km
land area:
10,000 sq km
comparative area:
slightly more than twice the size of Delaware
Land boundaries:
total 740 km, Senegal 740 km
Coastline:
80 km
Maritime claims:
contiguous zone:
18 nm
continental shelf:
not specified
exclusive fishing zone:
200 nm
territorial sea:
12 nm
International disputes:
short section of boundary with Senegal is indefinite
Climate:
tropical; hot, rainy season (June to November); cooler, dry season
(November to May)
Terrain:
flood plain of the Gambia River flanked by some low hills
Natural resources:
fish
Land use:
arable land:
16%
permanent crops:
0%
meadows and pastures:
9%
forest and woodland:
20%
other:
55%
Irrigated land:
120 sq km (1989 est.)
Environment:
current issues:
deforestation; desertification; water-borne diseases prevalent
natural hazards:
rainfall has dropped by 30% in the last thirty years
international agreements:
party to - Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone
Layer Protection, Ship Pollution; signed, but not ratified -
Biodiversity, Climate Change
Note:
almost an enclave of Senegal; smallest country on the continent of
Africa
People
Population:
959,300 (July 1994 est.)
Population growth rate:
3.08% (1994 est.)
Birth rate:
46.39 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Death rate:
15.64 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Net migration rate:
0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1994 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
123.5 deaths/1,000 live births (1994 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
total population:
50.08 years
male:
47.83 years
female:
52.39 years (1994 est.)
Total fertility rate:
6.29 children born/woman (1994 est.)
Nationality:
noun:
Gambian(s)
adjective:
Gambian
Ethnic divisions:
African 99% (Mandinka 42%, Fula 18%, Wolof 16%, Jola 10%, Serahuli 9%,
other 4%), non-Gambian 1%
Religions:
Muslim 90%, Christian 9%, indigenous beliefs 1%
Languages:
English (official), Mandinka, Wolof, Fula, other indigenous
vernaculars
Literacy:
age 15 and over can read and write (1990 est.)
total population:
27%
male:
39%
female:
16%
Labor force:
400,000 (1986 est.)
by occupation:
agriculture 75.0%, industry, commerce, and services 18.9%, government
6.1%
note:
55% population of working age (1983)
Government
Names:
conventional long form:
Republic of The Gambia
conventional short form:
Digraph:
GA
Type:
republic under multiparty democratic rule
Capital:
Banjul
Administrative divisions:
5 divisions and 1 city*; Banjul*, Lower River, MacCarthy Island, North
Bank, Upper River, Western
Independence:
18 February 1965 (from UK; The Gambia and Senegal signed an agreement
on 12 December 1981 that called for the creation of a loose
confederation to be known as Senegambia, but the agreement was
dissolved on 30 September 1989)
National holiday:
Independence Day, 18 February (1965)
Constitution:
24 April 1970
Legal system:
based on a composite of English common law, Koranic law, and customary
law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations
Suffrage:
21 years of age; universal
Executive branch:
chief of state and head of government:
President Alhaji Sir Dawda Kairaba JAWARA (since 24 April 1970); Vice
President Saihou SABALLY (since NA); election last held on 29 April
1992 (next to be held April 1997); results - Sir Dawda JAWARA (PPP)
58.5%, Sherif Mustapha DIBBA (NCP) 22.2%, Assan Musa CAMARA (GPP) 8.0%
cabinet:
Cabinet; appointed by the president from members of the House of
Representatives
Legislative branch:
unicameral
House of Representatives:
elections last held on 29 April 1992 (next to be held April 1997);
results - PPP 58.1%, seats - (43 total, 36 elected) PPP 30, NCP 6
Judicial branch:
Supreme Court
Political parties and leaders:
People's Progressive Party (PPP), Dawda K. JAWARA, secretary general;
National Convention Party (NCP), Sheriff DIBBA; Gambian People's Party
(GPP), Hassan Musa CAMARA; United Party (UP), leader NA; People's
Democratic Organization of Independence and Socialism (PDOIS), leader
NA; People's Democratic Party (PDP), Jabel SALLAH
Member of:
ACP, AfDB, C, CCC, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICFTU,
IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IMF, IMO, INTELSAT (nonsignatory user), INTERPOL,
IOC, ITU, LORCS, NAM, OAU, OIC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCL,
WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in US:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Ousman A. SALLAH
chancery:
Suite 1000, 1155 15th Street NW, Washington, DC 20005
telephone:
(202) 785-1399, 1379, or 1425
FAX:
(202) 785-1430
US diplomatic representation:
chief of mission:
Ambassador Arlene RENDER
embassy:
Fajara, Kairaba Avenue, Banjul
mailing address:
P. M. B. No. 19, Banjul
telephone:
[220] 92856 or 92858, 91970, 91971
FAX:
(220) 92475
Flag:
three equal horizontal bands of red (top), blue with white edges, and
green
Economy
Overview:
The Gambia has no important mineral or other natural resources and has
a limited agricultural base. It is one of the world's poorest
countries with a per capita income of roughly $800. About 75% of the
population is engaged in crop production and livestock raising, which
contribute 30% to GDP. Small-scale manufacturing activity - processing
peanuts, fish, and hides - accounts for less than 10% of GDP. A
sustained structural adjustment program, including a liberalized trade
policy, has fostered a respectable 4% rate of growth in recent years.
Re-export trade constitutes one-third of economic activity; however,
border closures associated with Senegal's monetary crisis in late 1993
led to a 50% decline in re-export trade, reducing government revenues
in turn. Devaluation of the CFA franc in January 1994 has made
Senegalese goods more competitive, and is likely to prompt a
relaxation of Senegalese controls, paving the way for a comeback in
re-exports.
National product:
GDP - purchasing power equivalent - $740 million (1993 est.)
National product real growth rate:
4.5% (FY92 est)
National product per capita:
$800 (1993 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
5% (FY 92 est.)
Unemployment rate:
NA%
Budget:
revenues:
$94 million
expenditures:
$80 million, including capital expenditures of $25 million (FY91 est.)
Exports:
$164 million (f.o.b., FY92 est.)
commodities:
peanuts and peanut products, fish, cotton lint, palm kernels
partners:
Japan 60%, Europe 29%, Africa 5%, US 1%, other 5% (1989)
Imports:
$214 million (f.o.b., FY92 est.)
commodities:
foodstuffs, manufactures, raw materials, fuel, machinery and transport
equipment
partners:
Europe 57%, Asia 25%, USSR and Eastern Europe 9%, US 6%, other 3%
(1989)
External debt:
$336 million (December 1990 est.)
Industrial production:
growth rate 6.7% (year NA); accounts for 5.8% of GDP (FY90)
Electricity:
capacity:
30,000 kW
production:
65 million kWh
consumption per capita:
75 kWh (1991)
Industries:
peanut processing, tourism, beverages, agricultural machinery
assembly, woodworking, metalworking, clothing
Agriculture:
accounts for 30% of GDP and employs about 75% of the population;
imports one-third of food requirements; major export crop is peanuts;
other principal crops - millet, sorghum, rice, corn, cassava, palm
kernels; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats; forestry and fishing
resources not fully exploited
Economic aid:
recipient:
US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-89), $93 million; Western
(non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970-89), $535
million; Communist countries (1970-89), $39 million
Currency:
1 dalasi (D) = 100 butut
Exchange rates:
dalasi (D) per US$1 - 9.440 (November 1993), 8.888 (1992), 8.803
(1991), 7.883 (1990), 7.5846 (1989), 6.7086 (1988)
Fiscal year:
1 July - 30 June
Communications
Highways:
total:
3,083 km
paved:
431 km
unpaved:
gravel, crushed stone 501 km; unimproved earth 2,151 km
Inland waterways:
400 km
Ports:
Banjul
Merchant marine:
1 bulk ship (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 11,194 GRT/19,394 DWT
Airports:
total:
1
usable:
1
with permanent-surface runways:
1
with runways over 3,659 m:
0
with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
1
with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
0
Telecommunications:
adequate network of radio relay and wire; 3,500 telephones; broadcast
stations - 3 AM, 2 FM; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station
Defense Forces
Branches:
Army, Navy, National Gendarmerie, National Police
Manpower availability:
males age 15-49 207,754; fit for military service 105,100
Defense expenditures:
$NA, NA% of GDP